Pianote /Sight Reading/Jul 10
One of our most popular YouTube videos of all time is “How to Read Notes.” Which means lots of people want to learn how to read piano notes!
Knowing how to read sheet music is an extremely useful skill. It’s like knowing another language. If you know how to read music, as long as you have the necessary sheet music, you can play whatever you want!
But learning how to read music can be intimidating for beginners. Which is why we’ve put together this easy-to-understand article on how to master reading music for good.
Table of Contents:
Part 1: How to Read Piano Notes
- The Musical Alphabet
- Treble Clef and Bass Clef
- Lines and Spaces
- Piano Note Values
Part 2: Read Piano Notes Faster
- Acronyms
- Landmark Notes
- You Don’t Have to Read Every Note: Intervals and Shapes
If you prefer to watch a video, take a look at “How to Read Notes” Part 1 and Part 2. And if you prefer a more hands-on approach, check out our free course Sight Reading Made Simple.
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PART 1: HOW TO READ PIANO NOTES

The Musical Alphabet
The first thing you need to know is that each note has a name and that notes are ordered like the English alphabet. We name notes from A to G and then repeat from A again. These are the names of all the white keys:

The black keys have names too. Actually, there are two possible names for them, but don’t worry too much about the black keys for now—focus on the white keys first.

(The “♯” symbol means “sharp” and the “♭” symbol means “flat.”)
If you’re new to the piano, here is a quick way to remember where notes are:
- C is on the left of the groups of two black keys
- F is on the left of the groups of three black keys

Learning how to read music is like learning a new language. It can feel intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be. With proper training, you can quickly and easily read music and unlock the songs you know and love. Check out Sight Reading Made Simple, our 100% FREE course on how to painlessly read notes.Sight Reading Made Simple 👓
Treble Clef and Bass Clef
Next, let’s get to know the treble clef and the bass clef.

First, let’s look at the beautiful swirl that is the treble clef, which is also called the G-clef. Usually (but not always!), seeing a treble clef means you play that section of music with your right hand. Treble clefs organize high notes (treble = high voice).

Next, let’s look at the bass clef, which looks like half a heart with two dots. Usually (but not always!), seeing a bass clef means you play that section of music with your left hand. Bass clefs are associated with low notes (bass = low voice).
Piano Notes on Lines and Spaces
The treble and bass clef sit on five lines with spaces between them. The five lines are called a staff.


In piano music, the treble and bass clef are joined together by a brace. This is called the grand staff:

These lines and spaces are where our notes will sit. Notes that sit on higher lines and spaces are higher pitched than notes that sit on lower lines and spaces.

Going from a line to a space is a “step,” while going from line to line or space to space is a “skip.” Here are how the notes from the keyboard we saw above correspond to notes on lines and spaces:

The first note most piano students learn to read is Middle C. Middle C sits between the treble and bass clefs. It has a line through it—this is called a ledger line. Ledger lines anchor notes that sit outside the five lines of the staff.


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Piano Note Values
Two things tell you how many beats a note should be played for: the time signature and the note value.
Note Values
Let’s focus on note values first. The “biggest” note is the whole note. One whole note can be divided into two half notes, and one half note divides into two quarter notes. We can keep dividing notes like this:

Eighth notes and sixteenth notes have flags that can be joined together. This groups the notes to make reading them easier:
Eighth Notes

16th Notes

Time Signature
If you’ve taken music lessons before, you may have learned that whole notes are worth four beats and quarter notes are worth one. This isn’t always true because how many beats a note is worth depends on the time signature.
The time signature is located at the beginning of music right after the clef. The top number tells you how many beats will be in each measure (measure = a unit of music separated by bar lines). The bottom number tells you what type of note is worth 1 beat.
As a beginner, you’ll encounter common time or 4/4 most often. In common time, each measure has four beats and a quarter note is worth 1 beat.

Want another example? Take cut time or 2/2. In cut time, each measure has two beats and a half note is worth 1 beat. Therefore, to count quarter notes, we divvy up the beats and use “and” or a plus sign to count them.

You can learn more about cut time here.
PART 2: READ PIANO NOTES FASTER
Now that you know how sheet music works, you may be wondering how to read piano notes efficiently and effectively. The simple answer is “practice,” but there are some tricks you can use to speed up the learning process.
Acronyms
Mnemonic devices can help you memorize the names of the notes that sit on lines and spaces. Use these popular acronyms to memorize the names of notes by using the first letter of each word.
Treble Clef Space Notes 👁️👄👁️

Bass Clef Space Notes 🐮

Treble Clef Line Notes 😋

Bass Clef Line Notes 🤤

Hungry? Grab some fudge 🍫 and read on to learn about landmark notes…
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Landmark Notes
Another way to read music more efficiently is to memorize some landmark notes. These are notes you know very, very well. And you can then think of other notes in relation to these notes.
Some good landmark notes on the treble clef are G and high C. You can think of other notes as steps and skips away from these notes:

A good landmark note for the bass clef is F.

🎹 FUN FACT: The bass clef is also called the F-clef and the treble clef is also known as the G-clef. This is because the two little dots of the bass clef surround F on the staff, and the swirl of the treble clef curls around G.
You Don’t Have to Read Every Note: Intervals, Shapes, and Patterns
Here’s a secret: you don’t have to read each and every single note on a sheet of music. As you get better at reading music, you’ll notice patterns that speed up the reading process.
This is like learning how to read. We first learn how to read by sounding out letters, one at a time. Eventually, we learn to recognize words. For example, when you see the word “cat,” you don’t read each letter (c-a-t) because you can recognize the word “cat” instantaneously.
“Words” exist in sheet music too! Here are some “words” to know:
Intervals
An interval is the space between two notes. Intervals are an awesome tool to train your ear, but they can help you read music too.
A good interval to learn how to recognize is the third. If you see a line-note moving to the next line-note, or a space-note moving to the next space-note, that’s a third.


When you see a third, you just need to recognize one of the notes. The other note is a skip away.
Another good interval to learn is the fourth. A line-note moving to a space-note or a space-note moving to a line-note like this is a fourth:

Patterns
Music is made up of patterns. Learning how to recognize patterns that crop up again and again can help you make sense of sheet music faster.
For example, take scales. If you see a row of notes separated by steps (line to space to line to space etc.), you’re probably seeing a scale. You only need to know the first note of the pattern; everything else is just a step up or down!

As you get more experienced with music, you’ll learn to recognize other recurring patterns. Such as the Alberti bass:

🔥🎹 HOT TAKE: THE CASE AGAINST SHEET MUSIC Knowing how to read music is a fantastic skill, no doubt about it. But there’s an argument to be made about knowing how to play without sheet music. Sheet music can sometimes hamper your personal creativity. That’s why we encourage piano players to improvise, explore, and create as part of their practice routine. Don’t rely on sheet music as a crutch. Here’s an interesting lesson where we challenge a classical pianist who loves sheet music to play without it.
Chord Shapes
Note: if you’re new to chords and this section feels too advanced for you, check out .
Chords are the building blocks to everything in music, from classical to jazz to pop and everything in between. A chord is several notes played together at once.
Chords are an important part of harmony, but they can be intimidating for beginners to identify. It’s easy to feel overwhelmed when you see something like this:

Whew…that’s a lot of notes! Let’s take a deep breath and break things down.
A chord you can easily recognize like a word is a root position triad. With three notes stacked neatly on top of each other, root position triads like a snowman. When you see a chord like this, you only really need to identify the lowest note on the bottom. The two other notes are just skips above.
Here are three root position triads: C Major, E Major, and F Major ⛄
Triads in Root Position

Once you’re more familiar with chords, you’ll notice that inversions of chords look similar. You can then learn to identify first, second, third etc. inversion chords right away.
Triads in First Inversion

Triads in Second Inversion

🔥🎹 HOT TIP: LEAD SHEETS If you’re comfortable reading chord charts but are a beginner at reading sheet music, lead sheets are a great place to start. A lead sheet has the melody notated but no left hand accompaniment, only guitar chord symbols. This leaves the accompaniment up to you, the pianist. You can find lots of song tutorials with free lead sheets in our Song Tutorials section.
We hope you found this quick guide to reading piano notes helpful! If you did, consider subscribing to The Note and get the best piano content on the web delivered to your inbox every week. This includes free lessons, exclusive interviews with world-class piano players, fascinating articles, and more. Unsubscribe anytime.
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Charmaine Liis a Vancouver writer who has played piano for over 20 years. She holds an Associate diploma (ARCT) from the Royal Conservatory of Music and loves writing about the ways in which music—and music learning—affects the human experience. Charmaine manages The Note.
FAQs
What are the music notes for piano for beginners? ›
The most basic notes to learn on piano are the white keys. These keys are labeled: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. The middle of the piano is the note C, so it may be helpful to think of the notes in this order: C, D, E, F, G, A, B. A beginner should start from the names of the notes.
What is the saying for reading music notes? ›Every Good Boy Does Fine
The bottom line is E, then G, B, D, & F. This acronym, along with FACE gives you all the names of every note on each line and space note. These tips alone won't teach you how to read piano music but it can make the whole process easier, especially for beginning piano students.
In the chromatic scale there are 12 tones including 7 natural musical notes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) and 5 sharp/flat notes ( A#/Bb, C#/Db, D#/Eb, F#/Gb, and G#/Ab). They each represent a different frequency or pitch.
What are the 12 basic music notes? ›Western music typically uses 12 notes – C, D, E, F, G, A and B, plus five flats and equivalent sharps in between, which are: C sharp/D flat (they're the same note, just named differently depending on what key signature is being used), D sharp/E flat, F sharp/G flat, G sharp/A flat and A sharp/B flat.
What is the most common note to learn first on the piano? ›Start with C major. It has no flats or sharps and only uses white keys, making it easier to play and read music. Then you can learn the other major scales starting from white notes in order of sharps, G D, A, E, B, then F. After that, black key major scales in order of flats, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb.
What is the fastest way to memorize music notes? ›- #1. Start small. This might go without saying, but building your memory is a process. ...
- #2. Use sight reading tips. ...
- #3. Play it through. ...
- #4. Use your other senses. ...
- #5. Visualize the music. ...
- #6. Watch your hands. ...
- #7. Write it down. ...
- #8. Hum, solfege, or hear the piece.
A mnemonic for notes in spaces is FACE. You can even use your hand as a mnemonic: fingers are lines. For the bass or F clef, for notes on lines: GBDFA - Grizzly Bears Don't Fear Anything, or Good Burritos Don't Fall Apart, and for notes in spaces between the lines, All Cows Eat Grass.
What does Egbdf stand for in music? ›Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (play), a play by Tom Stoppard. Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (album), by The Moody Blues.
How do pianists memorize? ›Pianists typically start memorising a piece by learning the musical periods and then breaking down the major parts to the number of bars that they are formed of. This process should happen consciously and in most professional cases by just sight reading the notes.
What is the trick to play piano? ›- Set a Clear Goal. If you sit down at the piano and say, “I'm going to play for a bit,” you aren't going to to learn anything. ...
- Warm up. Boring! ...
- Set Aside Time for Fundamentals. ...
- Slow Down. ...
- Use A Metronome and Slow Down Again. ...
- In Case You Didn't Hear it, Slow Down. ...
- Listen. ...
- Take A Break.
Can you play piano without knowing the notes? ›
Yes, you can play the piano without reading music by listening to music and memorizing which pattern of keys to play. Not being able to read music limits what songs you can play. Most music is written in notation, so you will need to learn how to read it to be able to play anything new.
What is the most important note in music? ›The tonic (also called the "keynote" or sometimes "doh") is the most important note in a piece of music.
What are the 4 types of notes? ›We're going to learn four types of notes and rests; whole, half, quarter and eighth.
What is the most used music note? ›- C Major (16%)
- D Major (12%)
- G Major (12%)
- A Major (10%)
- E Major (9%)
- F Major (9%)
- E♭ Major (7%)
- B♭ Major (6%)
In one of the most common pitch-naming schemes, each pitch is referred to as one of the first 7 characters in the Latin / Roman / English / etc. alphabet - namely A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The pitch named "A" is the lowest frequency, and the pitch named "G" is the highest.
What are the 8 major notes? ›The eight notes on the musical scale are called the octatonic or diminished scale. In the major scale, the eight notes go up the steps from bottom to top. These are the eight notes of the octave. On a C scale, the notes from low to high would be C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C.
Can a 65 year old learn to play piano? ›People can start piano at 60, at 70, at 80, even later. Your brain can still form new connections at any age. You can always learn new skills. For those who begin piano later in life, learning the piano may take a little more patience.
What should I practice first as a beginner in piano? ›Beginning piano players should learn to do all the major and minor scales. You can warm up your fingers and, at the same time, learn a new scale every day! You should start with the C scale. Once you have this down, learn all the other scales.
How many years of piano lessons do you need? ›If you want to be a professional classical performer, you're looking at a minimum of 10 to 15 years of concentrated study with a master teacher, and hours of practice every day. Most people who want to learn piano to play for their own enjoyment can get great results within three to five years of study and practice.
Do musicians memorize notes? ›Most musicians will have to perform from memory at some time in their career. Some, especially singers or soloists, have to perform from memory most of the time. Feelings about the practice are divided. Some musicians feel that performing without a score allows them to be freer and more expressive.
How do you memorize a note in 2 hours? ›
- Prepare. ...
- Record What You're Memorizing. ...
- Write Everything Down. ...
- Section Your Notes. ...
- Use the Memory Palace Technique. ...
- Apply Repetition to Cumulative Memorization. ...
- Teach It to Someone. ...
- Listen to the Recordings Continuously.
How Much Time Do Pianists Practice Every Day? On average, a concert pianist practices at the piano about 3 to 4 hours a day. Before concert pianists get to the level and skill they are currently at, they can put in 8 hours or more of practice per day.
What is the most common piano note? ›The most common type of keyboard or piano chord is a triad, or three-note chord. A triad contains a root note and two other notes, most often the notes that produce the intervals of a third and fifth above the root note.
What is the most important note on the piano? ›Middle C is a basic foundation note. It is the first note that beginning pianists learn to find on the piano. It is on the outside left side of the group of two black keys in the middle of the piano. However, middle C is not called middle C because it is in the middle of the piano.
Why are there 7 piano notes? ›More than a thousand years ago the letters of the Roman alphabet were adopted to refer to these, and since there were only seven the letters ran A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
What does ♭ mean in music? ›In musical notation, flat means "lower in pitch by one semitone (half step)", notated using the symbol ♭ which is derived from a stylised lowercase 'b'. For instance, the music below has a key signature with three flats (indicating either E♭ major or C minor) and the note, D♭, has a flat accidental.
What does 15 mean in music? ›In music, a fifteenth or double octave, abbreviated 15ma, is the interval between one musical note and another with one-quarter the wavelength or quadruple the frequency.
What does the F stand for in music? ›f. forte (loud) ff. fortissimo (very loud) These terms have no absolute values and are relative to one another according to the context of the music.
Do pianists type fast? ›Amazingly, studies show that pianists type more quickly and accurately than non-pianists. According to a recent research from the Max Planck Institute of Informatics, piano players can 'play words' as fast as expert typists can type them.
What are the 4 types of memory for piano? ›To achieve secure memorization at the piano, you need to develop 4 types of musical memory: aural, visual, physical, and structural.
Do pianists look at the keys? ›
Do pianists look at the keys while they play? The short answer to that last question is: YES! It's perfectly acceptable and normal for a pianist to look at their hands while they play. An important part of the design of any musical instrument is the necessary range of movement for the player in order to produce sound.
What is the hardest key to play piano in? ›There is an order of the keys in terms of difficulty, and it is counterintuitive. The most difficult key is C major! In general, the keys that are easiest to learn are simultaneously the least natural for the hand. As a rule of thumb, the more black keys in a given key signature, the more comfortable it will be.
What is the hardest thing to play on piano? ›'La Campanella', which translates as 'little bell', comes from a larger work – the Grandes études de Paganini – and is famous for being one of the most difficult pieces ever written for piano. The piece's technical demands include enormous jumps for the right hand played at an uncomfortably speedy tempo.
Is self taught piano OK? ›Can I teach myself piano? There are many self-taught musicians, so the answer to this question is most definitely YES. There are many excellent books, videos, blogs, and apps to learn from. If self-learning is your goal, do the research to find out which materials and methods will work best for you.
Which pianist can t read music? ›One of the greatest Jazz Pianists and composers of all time, Dave Brubeck, couldn't read music.
What are the disadvantages of playing piano? ›As with anything, the positives don't come without some negatives. While the piano is generally a great starter instrument, it won't suit all new players. Pianos are not very portable, which can be difficult if one is a part of a band, or will frequently need to be taking their instrument with them from place to place.
What are the 2 most important notes in a chord? ›The 3rd and 7th of a chord (called Guide Tones) are the most harmonically important notes because they establish the quality of the chord (i.e. whether it's a Maj7, m7, V7, etc.); The root and the 5th of a chord are relatively less important; The 9th, 11th, and 13th (called Tensions) are even less important.
What is the hardest note in music? ›The highest note on record is a G10 sung by Georgia Brown, a Brazilian dance/electric singer.
What is the least used note in music? ›A-sharp minor is likely the least used minor key in music as it is not generally considered a practical key for composition. The enharmonic equivalent B-flat minor, which only contains five flats as opposed to A-sharp minor's seven sharps, is preferable to use.
What note has 2 flags? ›A semiquaver has two flags, halving the value again. Two sixteenth notes equal the duration of an eighth note. Two semiquavers equal the duration of a quaver. Four sixteenth notes occupy the same amount of time as one quarter note.
What note has 2 beats? ›
Half notes last for 2 counts, or twice as long as a quarter note. Half notes are probably the second most common type of rhythm after quarter notes. You can think of half notes as half of one measure, or the same thing as two quarter notes.
What key is best for piano? ›C major is good for most instruments
It could be said that C major is the most accessible key to use because it has no sharps and flats. On the piano, C major would be a key that uses only white notes which is very convenient if you were not so familiar with the piano and wanted to compose.
In pop music specifically, C major and G major along with A minor and E minor are often considered the best keys and scales.
What is the most common key? ›More than a third of all songs are in one of four keys: G major, C major, D major, and A major. That all of these keys are major keys is unsurprising — with the exceptions of A minor, E minor, and B minor, none of the minor keys were even able to break 4%.
What are the piano notes in order? ›The 12 notes are C, C-Sharp (D-Flat), D, D-sharp (E-Flat), E, F, F-Sharp (G-Flat), G, G-Sharp (A-Flat), A, A-Sharp (B-Flat), and B.
How do beginners read music notes? ›The notes on the 4 spaces are A, C, E, & G. The notes on the 5 lines are G, B, D, F, & A. Say the note names on the Spaces going from the bottom to the top several times. Then do the same thing with the notes on the Lines, again going from the bottom to the top.
How can I learn piano by myself? ›- Get A Piano/Find Yourself a Keyboard. ...
- Get Familiar with Your Instrument. ...
- Train Your Arms and Hands with Proper Positioning. ...
- Know Your Notes. ...
- Familiarize Yourself with Sharps and Flats. ...
- Set A Practice Goal. ...
- Start Practicing. ...
- Practice Your Fingers.
Most people who want to learn piano to play for their own enjoyment can get great results within three to five years of study and practice. Whatever level you're hoping to achieve, your progress depends on how diligently and effectively you practice.
What is the hardest song to play on piano? ›'La Campanella', which translates as 'little bell', comes from a larger work – the Grandes études de Paganini – and is famous for being one of the most difficult pieces ever written for piano. The piece's technical demands include enormous jumps for the right hand played at an uncomfortably speedy tempo.
What is the fastest way to memorize piano music? ›Some tips to help you memorize piano music faster include repetition, playing hands separately, counting aloud, analyzing the structure and harmonies of the song, listening to recordings of the piece, and playing without looking at the music (i.e. with your eyes closed or looking at your hands).
What are the 7 notes on a piano? ›
The most important thing to remember is that a piano has 7 white notes namely C,D,E,F,G,A,B and 5 black notes C#, D#, F#, G#, A# or Db, Eb, Gb, Ab, Bb (depending upon which key your in).
What are 8 piano notes? ›An eighth note is equal to 1/8 of the whole note and lasts for half of one beat. It takes 2 eighth notes to equal 1 quarter note.
Can I teach myself to read music? ›Absolutely anyone can learn to read music with the right approach and some practice. Learning to read music is not hard – anyone who can read the alphabet of everyday language or read numbers already has the tools to learn how to read music.
What is the easiest way to learn music notes? ›- Think of Music as a Language. ...
- Focus on the Basic Symbols. ...
- Count Silently Every Time You Read. ...
- Practice Reading Music without Your Instrument. ...
- Pace Yourself.
Some will become proficient at reading sheet music after two or three months of consistent practice, but it may take a decade to really get to grips with it. On average, it takes a beginner eighteen months to two years to reach that level.
Is it hard to learn piano at an older age? ›People can start piano at 60, at 70, at 80, even later. Your brain can still form new connections at any age. You can always learn new skills. For those who begin piano later in life, learning the piano may take a little more patience.
What is harder piano or guitar? ›What Are the Technical Differences Between Learning Guitar and Piano? Although many feel it takes longer to master, the piano is a bit easier to actually play. If we look at the technical differences, the theory that goes into mastering both is quite different.
Is it too late to learn piano at 30? ›Learning to play the piano as an adult can be intimidating. Many people limit themselves because they think they are too old or that it's too late to start something new. The good news is, it's never too late to start.